A History Of Archaeological Thought Pdf To Jpg
The New Archaeology stressed theory formation, model building, and hypothesis testing in the search for general laws of human behavior. Cultural history, the processualists argued, wasn't repeatable: it is fruitless to tell a story about a culture's change unless you are going to test its inferences.
How do you know a culture history you've built is correct? In fact, you can be gravely mistaken but there were no scientific grounds to rebut that.
The processualists explicitly wanted to go beyond the cultural-historical methods of the past (simply building a record of changes) to focus on the processes of culture (what kinds of things happened to make that culture). With the scientific approach aspired to by processualists came a need for lots of data to examine. Processual archaeology came about during the quantitative revolution, which included an explosion of sophisticated statistical techniques fueled by growing computing powers and growing access to them. Data collected by processualists (and still today) included both characteristics (like artifact sizes and shapes and locations), and data from ethnographic studies about historically known population makeups and movements.
Those data were used to build and eventually test a living group's adaptations under specific environmental conditions and thereby to explain prehistoric cultural systems. Processualists were interested in the dynamic relationships (causes and effects) that operate among the components of a system or between systematic components and the environment. The process was by definition repeated and repeatable: first, the archaeologist observed phenomena in the archaeological or ethnoarchaeological record, then they used those observations to form explicit hypotheses about the connection of that data to the events or conditions in the past that might have caused those observations.
Next, the archaeologist would figure out what kind of data might support or reject that hypothesis, and finally, the archaeologist would go out, collect more data, and find out if the hypothesis was a valid one. If it was valid for one site or circumstance, the hypothesis could be tested in another one.
The search for general laws quickly became complicated, because there were so much data and so much variability depending on what the archaeologist studied. Rapidly, archaeologists found themselves in subdisciplinary specializations to be able to cope: spatial archaeology dealt with spatial relationships at every level from artifacts to settlement patterns; regional archaeology sought to understand trade and exchange within a region; intersite archaeology sought to identify and report on sociopolitical organization and subsistence; and intrasite archaeology intended to understand human activity patterning. Binford LR. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 24(3):267-275. Binford LR. Willow smoke and dog's tails: Hunter gatherer settlement systems and archaeological site formation.
American Antiquity 45(1):4-20. Earle TK, Preucel RW, Brumfiel EM, Carr C, Limp WF, Chippindale C, Gilman A, Hodder I, Johnson GA, Keegan WF et al. Current Anthropology 28(4):501-538. Fewster KJ. T he Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 12(1):61-87. Kobylinski Z, Lanata JL, and Yacobaccio HD.
Current Anthropology 28(5):680-682. Kushner G.
American Antiquity 35(2):125-132. Patterson TC. Man 24(4):555-566. Wylie A.
Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory 8:63-111.
(This is actually a review of the second edition, which you should get)This is quite simply an awe-inspiring book. The sheer amount of reading Trigger must have done to construct this incredibly dense and detailed (but still able to see the bigger picture) overview of the history of archaeology is insane. His reference list is nearly 100 pages long, and I think he really read almost everything on it.Trigger not only provides us with a very balanced account of the various approaches archaeology (This is actually a review of the second edition, which you should get)This is quite simply an awe-inspiring book.
The sheer amount of reading Trigger must have done to construct this incredibly dense and detailed (but still able to see the bigger picture) overview of the history of archaeology is insane. His reference list is nearly 100 pages long, and I think he really read almost everything on it.Trigger not only provides us with a very balanced account of the various approaches archaeology has taken since the European renaissance, but he also has a lot of well-informed opinions about where archaeology is headed and what directions the next generations of archaeology might take. This book, as its title says, is a history of archaeological thought. The book opens with a short explanation of Triggers own theoretical stance, which serves to explain the underlying dismissive attitude towards certain other theoretical positions. Following that, the beginnings of archaeology in various countries are explored.For the main part, it offers a very condensed overview over the entirety of archaeological theory. It follows the US/UK discourse on the topic in some detail, focusing This book, as its title says, is a history of archaeological thought.
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The book opens with a short explanation of Triggers own theoretical stance, which serves to explain the underlying dismissive attitude towards certain other theoretical positions. Following that, the beginnings of archaeology in various countries are explored.For the main part, it offers a very condensed overview over the entirety of archaeological theory. It follows the US/UK discourse on the topic in some detail, focusing on prehistoric archeology. Historic archaeologies are mostly left out. Although Trigger discusses this discrepancy, readers interested in historic archaeologies might feel that a lot of the issues discussed in this book do not apply to them (which is wrong), or apply to them in a very different way.
Additionally, while Trigger very valiantly tries to incorporate non-English literature and even non-Western perspectives, they are still severely underrepresented. This can hardly be blamed on the author, as the current book as it is already incorporates a vast amount of literature, and Trigger does offer the starting point for several other perspectives both in the text and the bibliography.The book ends with a conclusion by Trigger, in which he discusses limitations, problems and methods of contemporary archaeology. This part is among the most complex of the book, and assumes that the reader has understood the last few hundred pages of archaeological thought.
It is also the part that will be of interest to readers already familiar with archaeological thought, and want to know Trigger's opinion on the subject.The commented and exhaustive bibliography is a good starting point for anyone interested in specific problems.I found the book relatively accessible and easy to read. It is however not the beginner-friendly entry into archaeological theory that some reading lists make it appear to be. Even though most terms are (briefly) explained, without general knowledge about the history of science readers will probably feel overwhelmed by the many -isms that appear and reappear throughout the book. Without some idea about archaeological literature it will also be hard to understand its relevance. A further complication is that the book actually follows a narrative, in the sense that it tries to explain the archaeological thought as a gradual development. The constant cross-referencing within the text means the individual chapters do not stand alone too well, and it is advisable to read them in order.' A History of Archaeological Thought' is therefore of interest mainly to advanced students of archaeology and scientists from other disciplines, trying to understand where archaeology came from and where it currently stands.
Despite any claims to the contrary, it is not an introduction to archaeological theory, and it will probably be terribly boring for anyone not interested in scientific thought. Well, I ended up reading it in less than a year. The breaks in reading were many.I don't feel particularly qualified to write a review about it, as approximately the entirety of everything I know about the history of archaeological thought is what I learned in this book-I don't know how to evaluate its content in a way external to it itself. I would say that it seemed like Trigger tried to strike an interesting balance between summarizing 300ish years of different schools of thought in Well, I ended up reading it in less than a year. The breaks in reading were many.I don't feel particularly qualified to write a review about it, as approximately the entirety of everything I know about the history of archaeological thought is what I learned in this book-I don't know how to evaluate its content in a way external to it itself.
I would say that it seemed like Trigger tried to strike an interesting balance between summarizing 300ish years of different schools of thought in archaeology, including ongoing controversies, and putting forth his vision for an ideal theory of archaeology. In the last few chapters, in particular, he tries to find a middle way between hyper-relativists and hyper-positivists, and has pretty strong words for both extremes.The last 20 pages really successfully recapitulate a lot of the rest of the content of the book. They were a nice way to finish reading it, as they left me feeling like I had a better grip of the broader themes that he was dealing with than I had had when lost in the very specific details.My current interest in archaeology is stimulated by a desire to situate myself to do collaborative research with archaeologists in the future, or to incorporate archaeological methods/findings into my work in historical linguistics. There was no discussion of interdisciplinary work with linguists, which was a little bit disappointing to me, but also is not obviously an issue of theory, but rather of practice, so I can see it not having as much of a place in this book. Additionally, collaboration between linguists and archaeologists may not have been as prominent in 1989, when my edition of this book was published, as it is now. The first time I read this book, I read it in a week. I didn't like it.
The second time I read it, I was under pressure and I hated it. This is the type of book that deserves some time, like a soup sitting all day in a crock pot. It's understandable that people find that 'A History of Archaeological Thought' as an overwhelming and daunting book, but if read slowly over time in digestible chunks, then, it becomes interesting.Archaeologists are influenced by the world around them, and this The first time I read this book, I read it in a week. I didn't like it. The second time I read it, I was under pressure and I hated it. This is the type of book that deserves some time, like a soup sitting all day in a crock pot.
It's understandable that people find that 'A History of Archaeological Thought' as an overwhelming and daunting book, but if read slowly over time in digestible chunks, then, it becomes interesting.Archaeologists are influenced by the world around them, and this becomes reflected in their production of archaeological thought. Readers can see this pattern happening from the birth of archaeology, to culture history and beyond. Is Trigger somewhat biased, yes, but one needs to keep this in mind when reading the book. Undoubtedly, there is more information here than most readers want to know, but it serves as an excellent resource for those who want to know more. Be sure and take notes, or use the kindle version to annotate the book. However, with that said Matthew Johnson's Archaeological Theory: An Introduction, gets down to the point without getting bogged down in the details.
A History Of Archaeological Thought 2nd Edition Pdf
Bruce Graham Trigger, OC OQ FRSC was a Canadian archaeologist, anthropologist, and ethnohistorian.Born in Preston, Ontario, he received a doctorate in archaeology from Yale University in 1964. His research interests at that time included the history of archaeological research and the comparative study of early cultures. He spent the following year teaching at Northwestern University and then took Bruce Graham Trigger, OC OQ FRSC was a Canadian archaeologist, anthropologist, and ethnohistorian.Born in Preston, Ontario, he received a doctorate in archaeology from Yale University in 1964. His research interests at that time included the history of archaeological research and the comparative study of early cultures. He spent the following year teaching at Northwestern University and then took a position with the Department of Anthropology at McGill University in Montreal, and remained there for the rest of his career.