The Carter 3 Rapidshare Download Site
How came to be 'the most anticipated rap album of 2008' is a story that involves the usual delays and promises of a masterpiece, plus a whole lot of bullet points that could only exist in the absurd world of. There's his complete annihilation of the mixtape game, the ridiculous amount of guest shots he granted since made him a hip-hop superstar, that photograph of him kissing his mentor, rumors of addiction to the sizzurp, plus the gargantuan ego and aggravating aloofness ( will ignore all incoming beefs and infuriate challengers even further by offering the lethal 'I don't listen to your records').
His 'best rapper alive' quote is discussed to death, but if that claim includes creating perfectly crafted full-lengths in a style, the evidence won't be found here. Is instead a surprisingly casual album that takes numerous listens to sort out, and only part of a puzzle that is scattered across mixtapes, guest shots, and Internet leaks. Had he included another easy-access single like 'Rider' from - just one of his mixtape series that made it to a - the 'classic' argument could be considered, but figuring out what to sacrifice from this high-grade jumble is difficult. It wouldn't be the electro-bumpin' 'Lollipop,' an infectious track that contains the wonderfully line 'I told her to back it up/Like burp, burp.' You certainly wouldn't want to lose key cut 'Phone Home,' where the maverick adopts an alien voice and drops 'I could get your brains for a bargain/Like I bought it from Target.' Another special from way outside the hip-hop universe comes in the striking 'Dr.
Carter,' when the football reference 'And you ain't Vince Young/So don't clash with the Titan' dances on a sample and an unexpected jazzy production from. Giant meets giant when stops by for the velvet-smooth hangout session 'Mr. Carter,' and with laying the stylish swagger all over 'Comfortable,' gets the opportunity to convincingly vibe in the land of true class. Just like on, ends up the most complementary guest, coating 's post-Katrina tale 'Tie My Hands' in warm buttery soul.
As the track flows from political commentary ('My whole city's underwater, some people still floatin'/And they wonderin' why black people still votin'/Cuz your President's still chokin') to despair and onto some moving 'keep your head up'-styled verse, it proves can go deep and connect with his audience if he chooses. You can fault him for not connecting enough on the album and further complicating his unmanageable body of work with this disjointed effort, but 's true masterpiece is the bigger picture and how he's flipped the script since the first rolled out. Filled with bold, entertaining wordplay and plenty of well-executed, left-field ideas, should be considered as a wild, somewhat difficult child of 's magnum opus in motion, one that allows the listener an exhilarating and unapologetic taste of artistic freedom.
.Bay Area Rapid Transit ( BART) is a system serving the in. The and system connects and with urban and suburban areas in, and counties. BART serves along six routes on 112 miles (180 km) of lines, including a 10-mile (16 km) in eastern which utilizes trains and a 3.2-mile (5.1 km) line to the. With an average of 411,000 weekday passengers and 118 million annual passengers in fiscal year 2019, BART is the.BART is operated by the, formed in 1957. The initial system opened in stages from 1972 to 1974. The is scheduled to open in Milpitas and Berryessa (San Jose) in 2020, in partnership with the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA). Main article: Origins, planning, and geographical coverage Some of the Bay Area Rapid Transit system's current coverage area was once served by an electrified and suburban train system called the.
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This early 20th-century system once had regular transbay traffic across the lower deck of the, but the system was in the 1950s, with its last transbay crossing in 1958, and was superseded by highway travel. A 1950s study of traffic problems in the Bay Area concluded the most cost-effective solution for the Bay Area's traffic woes would be to form a transit district charged with the construction and operation of a new, high-speed rapid transit system linking the cities and suburbs. Lewis, a San Francisco trial attorney and member of the city's board of supervisors spearheaded a grassroots movement to advance the idea of an alternative bay crossing and the possibility of regional transit network.Formal planning for BART began with the setting up in 1957 of the, a body that governs the BART system.
The district initially began with five members, all of which were projected to receive BART lines:,. Although invited to participate, Santa Clara County supervisors elected not to join BART due to their dissatisfaction that the peninsula line only stopped at Palo Alto initially, and that it interfered with suburban development in San Jose, preferring instead to concentrate on constructing freeways and expressways.
Though the system will expand into Santa Clara County in 2019, it is still not a district member.In 1962, San Mateo County supervisors voted to leave BART, saying their voters would be paying taxes to carry mainly Santa Clara County residents. The district-wide tax base was weakened by San Mateo's departure, forcing Marin County to withdraw a month later. Despite the fact that Marin had originally voted in favor of BART participation at the 88% level, its marginal tax base could not adequately absorb its share of BART's projected cost.
Another important factor in Marin's withdrawal was an engineering controversy over the feasibility of running trains on the lower deck of the Golden Gate Bridge, an extension forecast as late as three decades after the rest of the BART system. The withdrawals of Marin and San Mateo resulted in a downsizing of the original system plans, which would have had lines as far south as Palo Alto and northward past San Rafael. Main article:Even before the BART system opened, planners projected several possible extensions. Although Marin county was left out of the original system, the 1970 Golden Gate Transportation Facilities Plan considered a tunnel under the Golden Gate or second deck on the bridge, but neither of these plans was pursued.
Over twenty years would pass before the first extensions to the BART system were completed to and in 1996. An extension to in 1997 added a fifth line to the system for the first time in BART's history.
The system was expanded to in 2003 and to via an in 2014. Construction of, an extension using along conventional railroad infrastructure between and, opened on May 26, 2018. BART's most significant current extension will take the system to the Silicon Valley. The first phase extended the Fremont line to Warm Springs/South Fremont in early 2017, and construction is underway on the line to Milpitas and Berryessa.Further expansion has been proposed, contingent upon the allocation of funding. This includes the second phase of the, which would bring the system to downtown San Jose and Santa Clara.
Plans have long been floated for an extension from Dublin to Livermore, but the most recent proposal was rejected by the BART board in 2018. Other plans have included an extension to Hercules, a line along the Interstate Highway 680 corridor, and a fourth set of rail tracks through Oakland. At least four infill stations such as Irvington and Calaveras on existing lines have been proposed.
With the Transbay Tube nearing capacity, long-range plans included a new four-bore Transbay Tube beneath San Francisco Bay that would run parallel and south of the existing tunnel and emerge at the to connect to and the future system. The four-bore tunnel would provide two tunnels for BART and two tunnels for conventional/high-speed rail.
The BART system and conventional U.S. Rail use different and incompatible rail gauges and different. In 2018, BART announced that a feasibility study for installing a second transbay crossing would commence the following year. By 2019, the had joined with BART to study a multi-modal crossing, which could also allow and routes to serve San Francisco directly.BART has also been studying ways to improve service and reliability in its core system, where density and ridership is highest. Recent exploratory ideas have included a line that would continue from the through the SOMA district, northwards on Van Ness and terminating in western San Francisco along the Geary corridor, the Presidio, or North Beach.System modernization. ⇋ transfer between BART linesSince the mid-1990s, BART has been trying to modernize its system. The fleet rehabilitation is part of this modernization; in 2009, fire alarms, fire sprinklers, yellow tactile platform edge domes, and cemented-mat rubber tiles were installed.
The rough black tiles on the platform edge mark the location of the doorway of approaching trains, allowing passengers to wait at the right place to board. All and were replaced.In 2007, BART stated its intention to improve non-peak (night and weekend) headways for each line to 15 minutes. The current 20-minute headways at these times is a barrier to ridership.
In mid-2007, BART temporarily reversed its position stating that the shortened wait times would likely not happen due to a $900,000 state revenue budget shortfall. Nevertheless, BART eventually confirmed the implementation of the plan by January 2008.
Continued budgetary problems halted the expanded non-peak service and returned off-peak headways to 20 minutes in 2009.In 2008, BART announced that it would install solar panels at two yards and maintenance facilities and the (the only station with enough sun to justify installation cost).In 2012, The announced they would provide funding for expanding BART facilities, through the, in anticipation of the opening of the. $50 million would go in part to improvements to the Hayward Maintenance Complex.In March 2019, BART announced they would begin updating ticket 'add-fare' machines inside the 'fare zone' to accept debit and credit cards for payment (for only). Earthquake safety During the, the BART equipment was mostly undamaged. A 2010 study shows that along with some Bay Area freeways, some of BART's overhead structures could collapse in a major earthquake, which has a significant probability of occurring within three decades.
Has been carried out in recent years to address these deficiencies,.Infrastructure The entirety of the system runs in exclusive right-of-way. BART's revenue routes cover about 110 miles (180 km) with 48 stations. On the main lines, approximately 28 miles (45 km) of lines run through underground sections with 32 miles on elevated tracks.The main system uses an unusual ( 1,676 mm) broad gauge (mostly seen in India and Pakistan) and mostly.
Originally utilizing flat-edge rail and with cylindrical treads, BART is now switching to conical tread to reduce the noise caused by flange/rail contact and loss of adhesion of one of the wheels on curves. At 1,000 volts is delivered to the trains over a. An line and an additional station were opened in 2014 and utilize technology developed by: the. The section of the Antioch-SFO/Millbrae line east of the Pittsburg/Bay Point station runs on conventional unelectrified 1,435 mm ( 4 ft 8 1⁄ 2 in) rail.Schedules call for trains to operate at up to 70 miles per hour (110 km/h), but certain segments (in particular, the Transbay Tube) are designed for 80 mph (130 km/h) operation when making up delays.Rapid transit trains have 4–10 cars, the maximum length of 710 feet (216 m) being the longest of any metro system in the United States and extending slightly beyond the 700-foot (213 m) platforms. Cars are 10.5 feet (3.2 m) wide, the maximum gradient is four percent, and the is 394 feet (120 m). Location of the third rail changes at the station.
On the left side of the track in the distance is the emergency walkway — the third rail is across the track from this walkway.Train frequencies are primarily limited by the fact that most lines funnel into the Transbay Tube and San Francisco. While small sections of track in Oakland, Colma, and Daly City are triple- and quadruple-tracked, there are few which would allow limited-stop or express trains to pass others.
Many of the original 1970s-era stations, especially the aerial stations, feature simple, but newer stations are a mix of. The additional double tracked four mile long upper deck of the and its four underground stations were built by BART for the.The combination of unique and unusual rail technologies has complicated maintenance and increased cost of the system, as rolling stock requires custom wheelsets, brake systems, and power systems. Lines and services. Side view of nine-car BART train made up of four C1 cars and five B2 cars.The mainline BART network operates six types of, built from four separate orders. The first four types, built from 1968 until 1996, total 669 cars (although 662 are currently available for revenue service), and have two sets of passenger doors on each side of the car. The newer two types, which are technologically incompatible with the older types, are in the process of manufacturing, delivery, and commissioning, and are due to replace all older types by 2022 while simultaneously expanding the fleet for future extensions. They will all feature three sets of passenger doors on each side of the car to speed up passenger boarding.To run a typical peak morning commute, BART requires 579 cars.
Of those, 535 are scheduled to be in active service; the others are used to build up four spare trains (essential for maintaining on-time service). At any one time, the remaining 90 cars are in for repair, maintenance, or some type of planned modification work.The uses a completely separate and independently operated fleet as it uses technology.
It uses four trains built by, arranged as three-car sets, but the system can accommodate four-car trains in the future.The vehicle procurement for included eight, with two options to purchase six more. The first of these trains were delivered in June 2016. The Stadler GTW trains are with 2/6 articulated power units, and are based on models previously used in Austin, Texas; Denton, Texas (greater Dallas) and New Jersey. Interior of a typical mainline BART car, here a C2 car LinesManufacturerClassImageNumberCar numbersBuiltNotesBART main linesA251971–1975To be phased out by August 2023 and replaced by the 'D' and 'E' cars.RohrB2381971–19–45C281994–19–33102012–Order being filled/testing, entered service on January 19, 2018.BombardierE462012–41.3–4.3automated guideway transit trainsets81Next-generation railcars. Interior of new BART carBART has ordered 775 new cars from manufacturer: 310 cab cars (D-cars, which must be the end cars, and can be at any position in a train, although unlike both types of C-cars will not permit passengers to move freely between cars past the operator cab) and 465 non-cab cars (E-cars, which can not be 'end cars'). The new cars have three doors on each side (increased from the current two, to speed station stops), bike racks, 54 seats per car, and giving next-stop information. The new cars' couplers are incompatible with all prior cars and must run in separate trains.
The first test car was unveiled in April 2016; upon approval, the first 10 cars were expected to be in service in December 2016, however, glitches delayed entry into service for one year. In early November 2017, a test train failed a regulatory inspection due to door issues, leaving the planned revenue service date in doubt. The first ten-car train received CPUC certification on January 17, 2018, with revenue service beginning two days later. Delivery of all 775 cars is expected to be completed by Fall 2022. Depots The first maintenance yards built for the core BART system were in Richmond, Concord, and Hayward.
As part of the SFO extension, an additional yard was added at the Colma station. A yard will open at the planned Santa Clara station in 2026, upon completion of Phase II of the Silicon Valley BART Extension.The Coliseum–Oakland International Airport line utilizes as a car barn for the line's guideway trains.eBART trains utilize a facility in Antioch for maintenance and service.Traveling Hours and frequencies. Map of Sunday BART serviceBART has six rapid transit services (five primary services plus the ); all six lines share track with other lines. As BART operates between the traditional and service types, frequencies are lower than most rapid transit systems.
Trains on each primary service run every 15 minutes on weekdays (with some additional peak-hour trains on the ), every 24 minutes on weekday evenings, and every 20 minutes on weekends and holidays; the shuttle runs every 30 minutes on weekdays and every 20 minutes on weekends. Segments served by multiple lines have higher frequencies, the busiest of which is the section between Daly City and West Oakland, which has around 20 trains per hour per direction at peak hours. The section of the Antioch–SFO/Millbrae line matches the frequency of the rest of the line, except for peak hours when it runs every 15 minutes. The runs every 6 minutes until 11:00 pm and approximately every 18 minutes thereafter.The first inbound trains leave outer terminals around 5:00 am on weekdays, 6:00 am on Saturdays, and 8:00 am on Sundays and most holidays.
(The previous 4:00 am weekday start time was changed to 5:00 am for three years starting on February 11, 2019 to accommodate retrofitting of the Transbay Tube. That project also reduced weekday evening service from every 20 minutes to every 24 minutes.) The last inbound trains leave their terminals around midnight, with the final Antioch–SFO/Millbrae line and trains in both directions meeting at for guaranteed transfers.Three of the six rapid transit services do not operate during some service hours, though all stations are served at service hours. The has limited Sunday service and does not run after about 6:00 pm on weekdays. The has limited Sunday service and no service after 9:00 pm on weekdays; it runs a shorter route on Saturdays. The SFO–Millbrae shuttle does not run on Saturdays nor after 9:00 pm on weekdays. On Sundays, the runs to MacArthur station rather than to to allow for single-track operations in the. (This will change on February 16, 2020, when it will run to Montgomery during some Sunday single-tracking and Daly City at other times, with 24-minute headways on the lines.).
Map of Early Bird Express serviceTwo different bus networks operated by regional transit agencies run during the overnight hours when BART is not operating. The is a regional network providing basic overnight service to much of the Bay Area.
Most BART stations are served (directly or within several blocks) by the All Nighter system except for the – and – segments plus. A network of 15 BART-specific routes operated by regional agencies run between 3:50 am and 5:30 am to replace early-morning weekday BART service during the Transbay Tube retrofit project. Two San Francisco/Peninsula routes, seven Transbay routes, and five East Bay routes run between a limited number of major BART stations, with the San Francisco/Peninsula and Transbay routes meeting at the. A sixth East Bay local route was eliminated on June 17, 2019. Ticket vending machines at theFares on BART are comparable to those of commuter rail systems and are higher than those of most, especially for long trips. The fare is based on a formula that takes into account both the length and speed of the trip. A surcharge is added for trips traveling through the, to, to, and/or through, a county that is not a member of the.
Passengers can use refillable paper-plastic-composite tickets, on which fares are stored via a magnetic strip, to enter and the system. The exit prints the remaining balance on the ticket each time the passenger exits the station. A paper ticket can be refilled at a ticket machine, the remaining balance on any ticket can be applied towards the purchase of a new one, or a card is captured by the exit gate when the balance reaches zero; multiple low value cards can be combined to create a larger value card but only at specific ticket exchange locations, at some BART stations. The magnetic strip-based technology was developed by with a contract awarded in 1974.BART relies on unused ticket values on discarded low-value cards for additional revenue, as much as $9.9 million.
The paper ticket technology is identical to the 's former paper fare card, though the BART system does not charge higher fares during., a accepted on all major Bay Area public transit agencies, may be used in lieu of a paper ticket. Faregates with the orange barrier wings retracted for aFares are enforced by the station agent, who monitors activity at the fare gates adjacent to the window and at other fare gates through closed circuit television and faregate status screens located in the agent's booth. All stations are staffed with at least one agent at all times.Proposals to simplify the fare structure abound. A flat fare that disregards distance has been proposed, or simpler fare bands or zones.
Either scheme would shift the fare-box recovery burden to the urban riders in San Francisco, Oakland and Berkeley and away from suburban riders in East Contra Costa, Southern Alameda, and San Mateo Counties, where density is lowest, and consequently, operational cost is highest.In 2019 it was announced that paper tickets would be discontinued in favor of Clipper Card only payment by the end of the year. AC Transit buses at San Leandro stationConnections to local, regional, and intercity transit – including bus, and – are available across the BART system. BART also runs directly to two of the three major Bay Area airports: and.Three intercity rail services – the, and – stop at; the Capitol Corridor also stops at. The and hubs, which are served by those three routes plus the, are not located near BART stations. Also stops at several BART stations.
Connection between BART and commuter rail service is available at. Free shuttle bus service runs from (ACE) commuter rail stations to, and stations.BART and all lines of the light rail system share four stations (, and ), in the two-level Market Street Subway. Connections are also available to three lines at and one line at. The under-construction first phase of will provide a connection to at upon opening.BART is served by bus connections from regional and local transit agencies at all stations, most of which have dedicated off-street bus transfer areas.
Many connecting routes (particularly in suburban areas) serve primarily as feeder routes to BART, while others are largely independent. Larger bus systems connecting to BART include in San Francisco, in the East Bay, in San Mateo County, and in eastern Contra Costa County, in western Contra Costa County, in the Tri-Valley, in the Santa Clara Valley,.
Smaller systems include in Emeryville, on the Peninsula,. The regional bus hub is located one block from Embarcadero and Montgomery stations.Several transit agencies offer limited commuter-oriented bus service from more distant cities to outlying BART stations; these include from Napa County, from Solano County, and Stanislaus Regional Transit from Stanislaus County, and from Stockton. Many BART stations are also served by privately run employer and hospital shuttles, and privately run intercity buses stop at several stations.Cars Many BART stations offer parking, however, under-pricing causes station parking lots to overflow in the morning. Pervasive congestion and under-pricing forces some to drive to distant stations in search of parking.BART hosts locations at many stations, a program pioneered. Riders can transfer from BART and complete their journeys by car. BART offers long-term airport parking through a third-party vendor at most East Bay stations. Travelers must make an on-line reservation in advance and pay the daily fee of $5 before they can leave their cars at the BART parking lot.Facilities Cell phone and Wi-Fi In 2004, BART became the first transit system in the United States to offer communication to passengers of all major wireless carriers on its trains underground.
Service was made available for customers of, and in and between the four San Francisco Market Street stations from to. In 2009, service was expanded to include the Transbay Tube, thus providing continuous cellular coverage between.
In 2010, service was expanded to all underground stations in Oakland (19th Street, 12th Street/Oakland City Center, and Lake Merritt). Uninterrupted cellular coverage of the entire BART system is a goal. As of 2012 passengers in both the Berkeley Hills tunnel and the Berkeley subway (Ashby, Downtown and North Berkeley) received cell service. The only section still not covered by cell service is a short tunnel that leads to Walnut Creek BART, and San Mateo County subway stations (including service to SFO and Millbrae).In 2007, BART ran a of Internet access for travelers. It initially included the four San Francisco downtown stations: Embarcadero, Montgomery, Powell, and Civic Center. It included above ground testing to trains at BART's Hayward Test Track. The testing and deployment was extended into the underground interconnecting tubes between the four downtown stations and further.
The successful demonstration provided for a ten-year contract with WiFi Rail, Inc. For the services throughout the BART right of way. In 2008, the Wi-Fi service was expanded to include the. BART terminated the relationship with Wi-Fi Rail in December 2014, citing that WiFi Rail had not submitted an adequate financial or technical plan for completing the network throughout the BART system.In 2011, during the BART disabled cell phone service to hamper demonstrators. The ensuing controversy drew widespread coverage, that raised legal questions about free speech rights of protesters and the federal telecommunications laws that relate to passengers.
In response, BART released an official policy on cutting off cell phone service. Library-a-Go-Go. A book vending machine at the del Norte station.Since 2008, the district has been adding book vending machines. The machine was added to the in 2008.
The $100,000 machine, imported from Sweden, was the first in the nation and was followed by one at the in 2009. Later in 2011 a machine was added at the.
Organization and management 2012 statisticsNumber of vehicles670Initial system cost$1.6 billionEquivalent cost in 2004 dollars (replacement cost)$15 billionHourly passenger capacity15,000Maximum daily capacity360,000Average weekday ridership365,510Annual operating revenue$379.10 millionAnnual expenses$619.10 millionAnnual profits (losses)($240.00 million)Rail cost/passenger mile (excluding capital costs)$0.332Governance The San Francisco is a special district consisting of, and the., which hosts six BART stations, is not part of the BART District. A nine-member elected Board of Directors represents nine districts. BART has its own force.While the district includes all of the cities and communities in its jurisdiction, some of these cities do not have stations on the BART system. This has caused tensions among property owners in cities like who pay BART taxes but must travel outside the city to receive BART service.
In areas like Fremont, the majority of commuters do not commute in the direction that BART would take them (many Fremonters commute to San Jose, where there is currently no BART service). This would be alleviated with the completion of a BART-to- extension project and the opening of the in San Jose.Budget In 2005, BART required nearly $300 million in funds after fares. About 37% of the costs went to maintenance, 29% to actual transportation operations, 24% to general administration, 8% to police services, and 4% to construction and engineering. In 2005, 53% of the budget was derived from fares, 32% from taxes, and 15% from other sources, including advertising, station retail space leasing, and parking fees. Marco paolini ausmerzen pdf merge. BART reported a of 75.67% in February 2016, up from 2012's 68.2%. BART train operators and station agents have a maximum salary of $62,000 per year with an average of $17,000 in overtime pay.
(BART management claimed that in 2013, union train operators and station agents averaged about $71,000 in base salary and $11,000 in overtime, and pay a $92 monthly fee from that for health insurance.) Comparison with other rail transit systems. Main articles: andBART, like other transit systems of the same era, endeavored to connect outlying suburbs with job centers in Oakland and San Francisco by building lines that paralleled established commuting routes of the region's system. The majority of BART's service area, as measured by percentage of system length, consists of low-density suburbs.
Unlike the or the, individual BART lines do not provide frequent local service. Within San Francisco city limits, provides local light rail surface and subway service, and runs with smaller headways (and therefore provides more frequent service) than BART.In the 1970s, BART had envisioned frequent local service, with as short as two minutes between trains on the quadruple-interlined section in San Francisco and six minutes on each individual line. However, headways have fallen short of the original plans.
While trains do arrive every three minutes on the quadruple-interlined section between West Oakland and Daly City during weekday commute hours, each individual line operates at 15-minute intervals on weekdays and 20 minute intervals on weekends.BART could be characterized as a 'commuter subway,' since it has many characteristics of a regional service, somewhat similar to services in, and, such as lengthy lines that extend to the far reaches of suburbia, with significant distances between stations. BART also possesses some of the qualities of a system in the urban areas of San Francisco and Oakland; where multiple lines converge, it takes on the characteristics of an urban metro, including short headways and transfer opportunities to other lines. Urban stations are as close as one-half mile (800 m) apart, and have combined 2 1⁄ 2- to 5-minute service intervals at peak times.Incidents Fatal electrical fire.
Further information:In January 1979, an electrical fire occurred on a train as it was passing through the. One firefighter (Lt.
William Elliott, 50, of the Oakland Fire Department) was killed in the effort to extinguish the blaze. Since then, safety regulations have been updated. Death of worker James Strickland On October 14, 2008, track inspector James Strickland was struck and killed by a train as he was walking along a section of track between the Concord and Pleasant Hill BART stations. Strickland's death started an investigation into BART's safety alert procedures.
At the time of the accident, BART had for routine maintenance. BART came under further fire in February 2009 for allegedly delaying payment of death benefits to Strickland's family.
Shooting of Oscar Grant III. See also: andOn January 1, 2009, a officer, Johannes Mehserle, fatally shot Oscar Grant III. BART held multiple public meetings to ease tensions led by who called on the BART Board to hire two independent auditors to investigate the shooting, and to provide recommendations to the board regarding misconduct.
Director Ward Allen established BART's first Police Department Review Committee and worked with to pass AB 1586 in the, which enforced civilian oversight of the BART Police Department. BART Director Lynette Sweet said that 'BART has not handled this situation correctly,' and called for the BART police chief and general manager to step down, but only one other BART Director, Tom Radulovich, has supported such action.Eyewitnesses gathered of the shooting with video cameras, which were later submitted to and disseminated by media outlets and watched hundreds of thousands of times in the days following the shooting.
Violent demonstrations occurred protesting the shooting.Mehserle was arrested and charged with murder, to which he pleaded not guilty. Oakland attorney filed a US$25 million against the district on behalf of Grant's daughter and girlfriend. Oscar Grant III's father also filed a lawsuit claiming that the death of his son deprived him of his son's companionship.Mehserle's trial was subsequently moved to Los Angeles following concerns that he would be unable to get a fair trial in Alameda County.
On July 8, 2010, Mehserle was found guilty on a lesser charge of. He was released on June 13, 2011 and is now on parole.
Shooting of Charles Hill On July 3, 2011, two officers of the BART Police shot and killed Charles Hill at Civic Center Station in San Francisco. Hill was allegedly carrying a knife.On August 12, 2011, BART shut down cellphone services on the network for three hours in an effort to hamper possible protests against the shooting and to keep communications away from protesters at the Civic Center station in San Francisco.
The shutdown caught the attention of and international media, as well as drawing comparisons to the former Egyptian president in several articles and comments. Antonette Bryant, the union president for BART, added that, 'BART have lost our confidence and are putting rider and employee safety at risk.' Members of broke into BART's website and posted names, phone numbers, addresses, and e-mail information on the Anonymous website.On August 15, 2011, there was more disruption in service at BART stations in downtown San Francisco. Reported that the protests were a result of the shootings, including that of Oscar Grant. Demonstrations were announced by several activists, which eventually resulted in disruptions to service.
The protesters have stated that they did not want their protests to results in closures, and accused the BART police of using the protests as an excuse for disruption. Protesters vowed to continue their protests every Monday until their demands were met.On August 29, 2011, a coalition of nine public interest groups led by filed an Emergency Petition asking the U.S.
San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District. Retrieved November 21, 2019 – via. Fracassa, Dominic; McBride, Ashley (July 25, 2019). San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved July 25, 2019. ^ (PDF).
Bay Area Rapid Transit. Retrieved September 1, 2019. San Francisco Bay Area. November 18, 2019.
Retrieved November 21, 2019. ^ Chinn, Jerold (January 29, 2015). San Francisco Bay Area.
Retrieved September 29, 2015. BART explains it has total of 662 trains, but about 535 are in service during peak commute times, about 86.5 percent of its fleet. BART said it runs more of its fleet than any other major transit agency despite having the oldest trains in the nation. ^. San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District.
Retrieved March 15, 2016. ^. Bay Area Rapid Transit. Retrieved August 23, 2009. ^ (PDF).
San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District. Retrieved February 5, 2014. Certain sections of the BART system are designed for 80 mph operations, however the maximum operating speed BART currently uses today is 70 mph.
It is unlikely that 80 mph operating speeds will be used again due to the increase in motor wear and propulsion failures at the higher rate. There are also higher impacts on track maintenance.
In addition, the 80 mph segments tend to be short, and the higher speed benefits are limited as train speeds become inconsistent. Bay Area Rapid Transit. Retrieved October 8, 2019. Healy, Michael C.
BART: the dramatic history of the Bay Area Rapid Transit system. Berkeley, California. March 12, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2013. Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART). Retrieved January 7, 2007.
See BART Composite Report, prepared by Parsons Brinkerhof Tutor Bechtel, 1962. Retrieved December 1, 2018. Bay Area Rapid Transit. Retrieved December 1, 2018. Los Angeles Times.
September 13, 1972. Retrieved March 2, 2011.
Retrieved August 23, 2009. Gillam, Jerry (November 15, 1972). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 2, 2011. Lembke, Daryl (November 16, 1972). Los Angeles Times.
Retrieved March 2, 2011. Stephen Unger (April 29, 2010).
The Online Ethics Center for engineering and science. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
December 9, 1972. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
Bill Northwood (November 29, 1972). KPFA Pacifica Radio.
P. 2 min: 00 sec. Retrieved March 15, 2017. (PDF). United States Congress Office of Technology Assessment. Retrieved March 15, 2017. Investigations of BART were undertaken by the California Senate, the California Legislative Analyst, the California Public Utilities Commission, and the National Transportation Safety Board. The cause of the accident was traced to a faulty crystal oscillator.
Peter Sheerin (October 1, 1990). Retrieved March 15, 2017. Wattenburg challenged the credentials of three successive chief engineers at BART. All of them left or were fired. (PDF). IEEE Spectrum Magazine.
March 1, 1973. Retrieved March 15, 2017. David Hammond, BARTD’s assistant general manager submitted his resignation. Legislative Analyst's Office (LAO) of the State of California. May 25, 2013.
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BART officials had to ask the Legislature for more money. But the price was high. Nearly all of the Bay Area's legislators said they would oppose giving BART money unless Mr.
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(PDF). Retrieved November 21, 2019. February 20, 2016. Retrieved December 8, 2016. Falling bus ridership in the Washington region mirrors a national trend that experts say is due to a variety of factors, including changing job markets, falling gas prices and the growing popularity of other transportation options such as biking and app-based services such as Uber and Lyft. January 29, 2016.
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December 5, 2016. Retrieved December 8, 2016. Uber and Lyft in particular have seen their ridership at SFO rise by almost six times over from 2014 to 2016, according to data provided by SFO to the San Francisco Examiner.
BART officials told the agency’s Board of Directors at its regular meeting Thursday that increased Uber and Lyft ridership led to less passengers taking BART in 2016. “We believe Uber and Lyft are impacting our ridership,” Carter Mau, executive manager of BART’s office of planning and budget, told the San Francisco Examiner outside the meeting. December 17, 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2019. (xls).
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Here are the southern Alameda County stations where you might get lucky and find parking in this order: South Hayward, Hayward, Union City, West Dublin/Pleasanton and Castro Valley. BART is testing the feasibility of posting real-time information that would let a driver check whether spots are available at a particular station. Right now, the best it can do is to provide estimates on its website for when parking lots will be full. Archived from on September 22, 2006. Retrieved January 7, 2007. Michael Cabanatuan (November 19, 2005).
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This unilateral action raised significant legal questions as to whether this was authorized under federal telecommunications law relating to the right of the passengers to access the telephone network and the legality of a shutdown by a quasi-governmental authority such as BART. Additionally, BART’s actions raised issues concerning the First Amendment rights of the passengers and protesters to freedom of speech and assembly. August 12, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2016. ^. June 15, 2009. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
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Crowell, James (February 22, 2012). Huffington Post. NBC Bay Area. April 13, 2017.
Retrieved May 22, 2017. ^. Swan, Rachel (June 25, 2019). San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved October 8, 2019.Further reading.
Owen, Wilfred (1966). Anchor Books. BART: a study of problems of rail transit. Committee on Transportation. 1973.
Richard Grefe (1976). A history of the key decisions in the development of Bay Area Rapid Transit. National Technical Information Service. E. Gareth Hoachlander (1976).
Bay Area Rapid Transit: who pays and who benefits? University of California. (1998). The transit metropolis: a global inquiry. Island Press. University of California (1966). University of California.External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to.Route map:(.
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